Ecology and environmental biology unit, department of zoology university of ibadan, ibadan, nigeria. This leads to much congestion and many social and economic problems. One of the problems created by urbanization is uneven development. Dedicated to the development of the urbanization, four mainstream urbanization theories and their respective pros and cons have been discussed.
To determine the effect of urbanization on flooding. Urbanization has many adverse effects on the structure of society as gigantic concentrations of people compete for limited resources. Lagos, nigeria is one of the largest urban areas in the developing world which is currently grappling with the challenges of urbanization especially in the area of housing provision. Urbanization in nigeria and other developing countries has been very alarming over. Pdf migration, urbanization and environmental problems in. The paper analysis the various dimensions of the social, political, economic and other conditions in nigeria that have, over the years, affected the peace, security and sustainable development of the country. However, rapid urbanization in particular the growth of nigerian large cities, and the associated problems of unemployment, poverty, inadequate health, poor sanitation, urban slums and environmental degradation pose a formidable challenges. Urbanization particularly causes water, air, land and noise pollution problems. Urban research in nigeria urbanization and urban problems in. This has become necessary in view of the critical role housing plays in. In present global atmosphere, all nations undergo with the challenges of environment, social, transportation, economy in their respective cities. Urban environmental problems and planning strategies in. While the usa, britain, and germany have already surpassed 75 percent urban and wont exceed. Urbanization in nigeria is mainly demographically driven without commensurate.
Outline preliminary remarks on the measurement of urbanization and trends about urbanization urbanization and. Nigeria has a total land area of 983,2 km 2 occupied by about 120 million people. Urbanization is a fact of life in most cities in canada and around the world. Urbanization, deforestation, desertification, over population and all kinds of pollution are some of the resultant effects of mans interaction with his environment. Current environmental issues in nigeria are closely connected with the population growth. Rapid urbanization that is largely unplanned and uncoordinated, has deepened the deficit of services in many nigerian cities, which includes access to land and housing, basic. This era influenced the growth and pattern of urbanisation in many ways, including the creation of new towns, principally along the transportation routes and at the ports and mining camps. The study is based on data collected from sixteen local government areas consisting of 53 residential zones in metropolitan lagos. Nigerias urban slums and health problems punch newspapers. But the african population is also very youngthe top 10 youngest countries by age are all africanand within 40 years the overall population is expected to double.
Urbanization is the process of human agglomerations in multifunctional settlements of relatively substantial size. The interaction of these millions of people with their environment has left indelible mark on the landscape. Extensive development being a feature of the 19th and 20th centuries, with concentration of economic and administrative decisionmaking in lagos, ibadan, kaduna, jos, and enugu, and high degree of specialization and larger. The impact of rapid population growth on housing development in a developing economy is usually a consequence of the push of the rural areas and the pull of the town. Urbanization and its environmental impacts in nigeria. However, rapid urbanization in particular the growth of nigerian large cities, and the associated problems of unemployment, poverty, inadequate. Abstract urbanization is a problem which has assumed gigantic dimensions in some of the technically and industrially advanced countries of the world. Possible solutions to problems of urbanization in nigeria. These include poor housing quality, bad layout of streets, poor drainage, lack of facilities for solid waste disposal and water pollution.
Lagos, nigeria continues to grow in population density and urbanization. These issues are commonly occurred in developing countries due to the difference of development in cities and villages latif fauzi, 2007. Urban growth and housing problems in kubwa district of bwari. More than 50 percent of people worldwide live in cities, and the world health organization predicts that this proportion will continue to increase.
Drought, desertification and the nigerian environment. Ibadan in oyo state, is a huge metropolis in one of the most urbanized parts of the nation. However, there has been an inadequacy of the necessary infrastructures. In this article we explore the problems of urbanization in nigeria and possible solutions. The positive results of urbanization include more educated youths, new job opportunities and city development. Urbanization is an ongoing trend in developed and developing countries.
During the 1970s nigeria had possibly the fastest urbanization growth rate in the world. Paved roads urbanization in nigeria igi global urbanization in nigeria is. The preliminary census data for 1991 although the 1991 census figure is still controversial indicated a. Childes ten characteristics of an urban civilization. About half of nigerias total 150 million population now lives in cities compared to 35% in 1990, generating 60% of the countrys gross domestic product gdp. Implication for planning and lowincome housing delivery in lagos, nigeria implications for lowincome housing in lagos, nigeria. The city currently stands as the 14th largest urban area in the world and is on the cusp of becoming a primary coastal megalopolis.
This statistic shows the degree of urbanization in nigeria from 2008 to 2018. With a population of over 140 million people and over 35% living in the cities, the housing problem is very. But the african population is also very youngthe top 10 youngest countries by age are all africanand within 40 years the. Notes on urbanization, their problems and their remedies. Problems of urbanization in developing countries 96 many of the urbanities do not have access to safe drinking water, sewage services, and other facilities. Urban growth and housing problems in karu local government. In nigeria, there are different types of environmental problems. Peace, security and sustainable national development in. Feb 04, 2020 this statistic shows the degree of urbanization in nigeria from 2008 to 2018. The pattern of growth was determined using spatial analysis, and. Nigeria, a fast developing nation, is already embalmed with the consequent challenges, leading to a more severe damage on the fragile natural resources and the.
The paper concludes that despite their obvious problems, cities. The challenges of environmental problems in nigeria. Nigeria has been no exception to this trend as it has one of the highest urban growth rates in the world. The pervasiveness and spontaneity of the global urbanization process has been an issue of concern in recent time. In nigeria, the discovery of oil and the citing of the seat of power in lagos and subsequently abuja has led to the urbanization of cities such as port harcourt, calabar and warri. Like any other country, it uses resources to provide residents with good living conditions. Distribution of drinking water in cities of each state varies from locality to locality. Urbanization is simply population shift from rural areas to urban areas which leads to the gradual increase of people living in urban areas in a geographical region this is in no way a new phenomenon, as so many of us living in the urban areas of the country actually moved from a more rural area. Urbanization is simply population shift from rural areas to urban areas which leads to the gradual increase of people living in urban areas in a geographical region. Nigerias rapid population growth, especially in urban areas, poses difficult economic, social, and public health challenges.
If the threats posed by urbanization in nigeria are not adequately managed, the capacity of the environment to continuously support life may be. Possible remedy for the urbanization issues and problems at global level. Urbanization challenges and housing delivery in nigeria. It is the administrative centre of ekiti state, nigeria. Although urbanization is accompanied by many problems and challenges, many city governments are working hard at minimizing and resolving these problems and at making their cities. To evaluate the effect of urbanization on pollution of land, air, and water. The pape r enumerates some of the resulting policy problems that confront governments in developing countries as a result of continued urbanization. In nigeria, the problems of squatting, forced eviction and homelessness are common phenomena in major urban centres like lagos, kano, port harcourt, ibadan, oweri and kaduna. Urbanization urbanization simply refers to the expansion in the proportion of a population living in urban areas is one of the major social transformations sweeping the globe, it represent the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas with population growth equating to urban migration misilu, nsokimieno, chen and zhang, 2010.
Challenges of urbanization and urban growth in nigeria. The urban heat island phenomenon has become a growing concern. These phenomenal transitions are not without health challenges to the. Nigeria, already the worlds sixth most populous nation with 167 million people, is a crucial test case, since its success or failure at bringing down birthrates will have outsize influence on. Urbanization and meeting the need for affordable housing. The implications of this developmental challenge in many developing nations, including nigeria. If the rural areas are developed, then the tide of ruralurban migration can be stemmed.
To examine the effect of urbanization on the erosion. This growth and physical expansion of cities have been accompanied by unplanned. Nigeria has an estimated population of 196 million people with the population growth rate hovering around 2. The urban areas are developed at the expense of the rural areas. Nonetheless, urban population is increasing more rapidly in developing countries like. However, regular consumption tends to lead to pollution and destruction of the environment.
With specific reference to nigeria, the paper characterizes the urban environmental problems of tropical africa. The challenges of rapid urbanization on sustainable. Since more people tend to move to the city, this migration process leads to some serious environmental problems. The challenges of meeting millennium development goal 7 in metropolitan lagos, nigeria tunde agbola elijah m. Urban growth and housing problems in kubwa district of. The 1960 street map of lagos, nigeria, shows a small westernstyle coastal city surrounded by a few semirural african villages. This paper revealed the consequences of the problems of urbanization in nigeria using empirical data from the metropolitan lagos. Migration, urbanization and environmental problems in nigeria. Problems and prospects of urbanization in nigeria the introduction. There is always an upsurge and conglomeration of people in city centres with the resultant effects on housing growth arising from acute unemployment. Opportunities and challenges of urbanization dec policy research talk september 25, 2017 harris selod planning for an unprecedented future. According to oyesiku 2002, urbanization in nigeria has a long history in its growth and development.
A huge, rapidly growing population is not necessarily a source of. Jun 27, 2018 more than 50 percent of people worldwide live in cities, and the world health organization predicts that this proportion will continue to increase. Accepted 10 june, 2015 drought and desertification are twin global environmental problems. Paved roads urbanization in nigeria igi global urbanization in nigeria is described, and on the basis of the population.
Population growth in urban areas has soared over the last few decades. It means the concentration of population in the economically developed and industrialized centres and other big cities. An analysis of housing problems in the federal capital. Pdf on mar 6, 2016, paul adekola and others published migration, urbanization and environmental problems in nigeria find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. With particular reference to nigeria, studies have shown that many urban centres have been experiencing rapid and continuous growth over the years, as people tend to migrate from rural areas to urban centres in order to better their living conditions.
For instance, the united nations documents that 40% of the total least developed countrys population lived in urban areas in 2000, compared to 26. Nov 28, 2011 the problems of african urbanization are stark. Agunbiade department of urban and regional planning, university of ibadan, nigeria abstract this study used a case study methodology to examine the issue of land tenure in the. Urbanization and its social vices in nigeria research and. Urbanization means the share of urban population in the total population of a country. Makarfi, nigeria 5d ep artm nofg ghy,f dlc e uc iz n corresponding author email. Additionally, the colonial experience in nigeria for instance, was an important phase in urban development and increased urbanization rate. The continents overall population recently topped one billion for the first time in history.
Abuja, nigeria, experiences an annual growth rate of 9. Urbanization, urban poverty, slum and sustainable urban. Current environmental issues in nigeria and possible. Lagos urban area is home to approximately 33% of the lagos state population sunday and ajewole 2006. A sizeable proportion of this figure is in subsaharan africa, with nigeria having the largest number. Rapid housing construction leads to overcrowding and slums, which experience major problems such as poverty, poor sanitation, unemployment and high crime rates. Urban research in nigeria urbanization and urban problems.
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